The President’s Climate Action Plan: Right on the Money

Last week President Obama announced a far-reaching Climate Action Plan that will support achievement of the U.S. commitment to reduce national carbon pollution in the range of 17 percent below 2005 levels by 2020 while redirecting our international development aid to foster clean energy choices in other countries. With the promised expeditious implementation of these measures, the President’s package will spur the reduction of carbon pollution from the power sector in the United States and provide new momentum to the international climate negotiations.

Addressing the 40 Percent of U.S. Emissions from Power Plants

The cornerstone of the domestic climate package is a memorandum directing the Environmental Protection Agency to work expeditiously to complete flexible carbon pollution standards for both new and existing power plants that builds on the progress already being made by states. Included was the directive to ensure, to the greatest extent possible, that the approaches developed allow states to use market-based instruments, performance standards and other regulatory flexibilities. Flexibility is critical to achieving the top-line goals of reducing carbon pollution while limiting compliance costs and providing the reliable and affordable electric power needed to sustain a vibrant economy. Flexibility will also allow states to select approaches that advantage their own industries and are most consistent with their available energy resources.

Long overdue, completion of carbon pollution standards for both new and existing power plants can move our electric production onto a more sustainable trajectory that locks in recent environmental improvements—including economically driven shifts from coal- to gas-fired power generation—and supports additional growth in the natural gas and clean energy sectors. Already, new natural gas technologies have contributed to a 15 percent reduction in power sector CO2 emissions from 2005 levels (equal to roughly a 6 percent reduction in national greenhouse gas emission levels below 2005 levels), and more emissions reductions are possible as we continue to shift electric generation away from antiquated, inefficient technologies and towards cleaner energy solutions available today. In fact, a study released in 2011 by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology found there was sufficient surplus natural gas combined cycle (NGCC) capacity to displace roughly one-third of U.S. coal-fired electric generation, reducing CO2 emissions from the power sector by 20 percent. Even with last year’s historically low natural gas prices, capacity factors at NGCC facilities in the U.S. averaged only about 50 percent, (MIT, 2011) much lower than the design value of 85 percent, suggesting significant head room exists to further ramp up the utilization of these units.

Combined heat and power (CHP) technology—where heat and power are produced together in a single boiler with greater overall efficiencies than when heat and power are produced separately—offers another promising strategy to comply with new power sector standards while at the same time boosting the efficiency and competitiveness of U.S. manufacturing. McKinsey & Co. has estimated that there are 50.4 gigawatts (GW) of cost-effective CHP that can be deployed by 2020, half of which are in industrial facilities (McKinsey & Co., 2009). The Department of Energy estimates that 40 GW of CHP would result in $10 billion per year in savings to energy users and 150 million metric tons (MMT) in CO2 emissions reductions per year—equivalent to emissions from 42 coal-fired power plants (based on EPA eGRID figures). This could produce an additional 6 percent reduction in national greenhouse gas emissions below 2005 levels. Under a flexible carbon pollution standard for existing power plants that allows states to take advantage of the full suite of technological options that are adequately demonstrated, CO2 emissions reductions from new investments in CHP technology can be credited towards complian